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(page 549 Chinese Medical Herbology & Pharmacology by John K. Chen, Tina T. Chen "Full-color photographs are displayed in alphabetical order by pinyin name in this section, to assist in accurate recognition of individual herbs...")
Pinyin Name: Fei Zi
Alternate Chinese Names: Bi Zi, Xie Shi, Xiang Fei Zi
Original Source: Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (Divine Husbandman's Classic of the Materia Medica) in the second century
English Name: torreya seeds, grand torreya seed, Chinese torreya seed, tall torreya seed
Botanical Name: Torreya grandis Fort. (Fei Shu)
Pharmaceutical Name: Semen Torreyae Properties: sweet, neutral Channels Entered: Lung, Large Intestine
Fei Zi (Semen Torreyae) is one of the most important herbs for treatment of parasites. It kills parasites, purges them from the intestines, and does not injure the stom ach. Furthermore, it is sweet and encourages patient com pliance. It may be used individually or in an herbal for mula; it may either be used fresh or in decoction; and it is effective against a variety of intestinal parasites, including roundworm, tapeworm, hookworm and pinworm.
• Tapeworm proglottid: use Fei Zi as a single herb. Bake the herb and take seven seeds daily for seven days.
• Tapeworm: use it with Bing Lang (Semen Arecae) and Wu Yi (Fructus Ulmi Praeparatus). It is commonly rec ommended that the patient ingest beef before taking the herbs, to bait and kill the tapeworms.
• Hookworm: take 30 to 40 seeds of Fei Zi in the morning on an empty stomach, daily, until hookworms are expelled from the body.
' Parasitic infestation with roundworm, tapeworm, hook worm or pinworm: combine this herb with Shi Jun Zi (Fructus Quisqualis) and Da Suan (Bulbus Alii Sativi) as a decoction, three times daily on an empty stomach.
2. Moistens the Lung and Large Intestine, Stops Cough Ofly in nature, Fei Zi moistens the Lung and Large Intestine. Clinically, it treats dryness of the Lung characterized by dry, non-productive cough, or cough with thick, scanty sputum. It also promotes bowel movement and relieves constipation.
•Cough from Lung dryness: use Fei Zi with Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae), Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae seu Adenophorae), Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis), E
Jiao (Colla Corii Asini) and Sang Ye (Folium Mori).
• Constipation due to dryness of the Large Intestine: com bine it with Huo Ma Ren (Fructus Cannabis), Hei Zhi Ma (Semen Sesami Nigrum), Yu Li Ren (Semen Pruni) and Dang Gui (Radicis Angelicae Sinensis).
DOSAGE
30 to 50 grams. Dry fry Fei Zi and remove the shell to eat the fruit inside. Fei Zi should be crushed prior to cook ing to increase surface area and facilitate the extraction of active constituents.
CAUTIONS / CONTRAINDICATIONS
• The outer peel of Fei Zi is incompatible with Lu Don (Semen Phaseoli Radiati).
• Fei Zi is contraindicated during pregnancy as it may cause contraction of the uterus. 1
• Overdose may cause diarrhea.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Gliadin, sterol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, tannin.- 2
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• Antiparasitic: Extract of Fei Zi has demonstrated antipar-asitic effects against tapeworm in cats and roundworm in pigs. The essential oil was effective against hookworm. 3
• Abortifacient: Administration of Fei Zi is associated with uterine contractions. Overdose may lead to miscarriage. 4
CLINICAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH
• Hookworm: Five patients with hookworm ingested 90 to 150 grams of dry-fried Fei Zi daily for 1 month, with a 100% success rate in eliminating the infestation. 5
No significant side effects were observed. In another study, a preparation of Fei Zi (essential oils) was given once daily for 3 to 4 days to 94 adults with hookworms, with good results. 6
AUTHORS' COMMENTS
Both Fei Zi and Shijun Zi (Fructus Quisqualis) have excellent abilities to kill parasites without injuring the stomach. They are sweet and thus more tolerable for patients than bitter substances. Because they both promote defecation, there is no need to add purgative herbs to the formula. Fei Zi is more effective for tapeworm, hookworm, and pinworm and moistens the Lung to relieve dry cough; Shi Jun Zi is more effective for roundworm, and functions to strengthen the Spleen and Stomach.
References
1. Zhong Yao Xue (Chinese Herbology), 1998; 456:458
2. Xian Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Xue (Contemporary Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs), 1997; 731
3. Zhong Yao Zhi (Chinese Herbology Journal), 1984; 657
4. Zhong Yao Xue (Chinese Herbology), 1998; 456:458
5. Ha Yi Da Xue Baa (Journal of Ha Medical University), 1957; 1:73
6. Zhong JiYiKan (Medium Medical Journal), 1959; 5:18
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