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(Pericarpium Zanthoxyli)
(page 458 ; Chinese Medical Herbology & Pharmacology by John K. Chen, Tina T. Chen "Full-color photographs are displayed in alphabetical order by pinyin name in this section, to assist in accurate recognition of individual herbs...")
Relieves Diarrhea
Pinyin Name: Hua Jiao
Literal Name: "flower pepper"
Alternate Chinese Names: Qin Jiao, Shu Jiao, Chuan Jiao, Ba Jiao, Hong Jiao, Da Hong Pao
Original Source: Shen Nong Ben Cao fing (Divine Husbandman's Classic of the Materia Medica) in the second century
English Name: zanthoxylum, prickly ash pepper tree peel, bunge prickly ash peel
Botanical Name: Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Hua Jiao); Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. (Qingjiao); Various other species that are used interchangeably include Zanthoxylum simulans Hance. (Ye Hua Jiao), Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb. et Zucc. (Zhu Yefiao); Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC. (Lei Dang); and Zanthoxylum simulans Hance var. podocarpum (Hemsl.) Huang (Bing Quo Hua Jiao).
Pharmaceutical Name: Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
Properties: acrid, hot
Channels Entered: Kidney, Spleen, Stomach
Safety Index: slightly toxic
Epigastric and abdominal coldness and pain, toothache, diarrhea: Hua Jiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli) warms the Spleen and Stomach to treat excess accumulation of cold in the middle jiao.
• Coldness and pain in the chest with vomiting and inabil ity to eat: use Hua Jiao with Can Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis), Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) and Yi Tang (Saccharum Granorum). Exemplar Formula: Da Jian Zhong Tang (Major Construct the Middle Decoction).
• Coldness and pain in the epigastric and abdominal regions: dry fry Hua Jiao and apply it to the affected area to disperse cold.
• Diarrhea due more to cold than to dampness: use this herb with Fu Zi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata) and Can Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis).
• Diarrhea due more to dampness than to cold: combine it with Gang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) and Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis).
• Toothache: apply Hua Jiao topically to the affected tooth and gums.
Parasites and itching of the skin: Hua Jiao treats parasitic infestations in the intestines that are causing vomiting and abdominal pain. It also treats parasitic infection of the skin manifesting in pruritus and eczema.
• Vomiting and abdominal pain due to roundworms: use Hua Jiao individually, or combine it with Wu Mei (Fructus Mume) and Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis).
• Intestinal obstruction by parasites: fry Hua Jiao with cooking oil and use it daily with meals.
• Pruritis, genital itching and eczema: use it with Ku Shen Gen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) and Di Fu Zi (Fructus Kochiae).
DOSAGE
2 to 5 grams in herbal decoction. Hua Jiao may be used both internally and topically.
CAUTIONS / CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Hua Jiao is contraindicated in the presence of excess fire, or of yin deficiency.
• Use Hua Jiao with caution during pregnancy.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Essential oils (limonene, 1,8-cineol, myrcene), skimmia-nine, kokusaginine, haplopine, herniarin, xanthoxylin. 1
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• Anesthetic and analgesic: Water extract of Hua Jiao has local anesthetic and analgesic effects as demonstrated in mice. Prolonged use is associated with tolerance. 2
• Antiulcer: Water extract of Hua Jiao at 5 to 10 g/kg acts to prevent and treat stomach ulcers in mice. However, it only achieved 22% effectiveness. 3
• Antidiarrheal: Water extract of Hua Jiao at 5 to 10 g/kg has an antidiarrheal effect. In mice, Hua Jiao effectively delays the onset and shortens the duration of diarrhea, when diarrhea is induced by ingestion of Fan Xie Ye (Folium Sennae). 4
• Antibiotic: It has an inhibitory effect against (3-hemolyt- ic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, and some dermatophytes. 5
CLINICAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH
• Intestinal obstruction: Eight children with intestinal obstructions caused by roundworms were treated with Hua Jiao, with satisfactory results. Pain relief was achieved within 15 to 30 minutes, followed by defecation of stool with roundworms. 6
• Inhibition of lactation: According to one report, 163 women who wanted to stop lactation immediately after labor were treated with one 400 mg capsule of Hua Jiao three times daily for 3 to 4 days, with a 93.9% rate of effectiveness. The herbal capsule was prepared by grind ing the herb into powder and placing it in capsules. 7
TOXICOLOGY
The LD 50 for skimmianine is 150 to 250 mg/kg in mice. 8
SUPPLEMENT
• Jiao Mu (Semen Zanthoxyli Bungeani), first cited in the Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu (Collection of Commentaries on the Classic of the Materia Medica) by Tao Honglingilates water circula- rTTa, and eliminates water accumulation TEe Lung to facilitate breathing. Clinically, it treats dysuria and edema with its mild diuretic effect. It is also used to treat accumulation of water in the Lung with symptoms such as wheezing, dyspnea, edema, drum-like distention of the abdomen, and phlegm invading the Lung causing dyspnea and wheezing with an inability to lie down. It was demonstrated in one clinical study of 958 patients with wheezing and dyspnea that a prepara tion of Jiao Mu given three times daily for 7 to 10 days per course of treatment was effective in 78.5% of patients. The herbal preparation was described as having a rapid onset of action, good therapeutic effect, few side effects, and a wide range of clinical applications. The reg ular dose for Jiao Mu is 2 to 5 grams. 9
AUTHORS' COMMENTS
Hua Jiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli) and Hu Jiao (Fructus Piper) have similar pinyin names. However, they should not be confused, as they are two different herbs with dif fering characteristics and actions.
References
1. Xian Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Xue (Contemporary Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs), 1997; 613-614
2. Zhong Guo Zhong Yao Za Zhi (People's Republic of China Journal of Chinese Herbology), 1991; 16(8):493
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Zhong Yao Xue (Chinese Herbology), 1998; 382:384
6. Zhong Yi Za Zhi (Journal of Chinese Medicine), 4:21
7. Di Er Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao (Journal of Second Military University of Medicine), 1987; 3:232
8. Zhi Wu Yao You Xiao Cheng Fen Shou Ce (Manual of Plant Medicinals and Their Active Constituents), 1986; 123:969
9. Zhong Yi Za Zhi (Journal of Chinese Medicine), 1987; 12:19
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